Bring a large saucepan of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta until al dente, about 7 minutes. Drain pasta, reserving ½ cup water; toss pasta with 3 tablespoons oil and keep warm.
Meanwhile, heat remaining oil in a 12-inch skillet over medium-high; cook veggie meat, chile, thyme, and garlic until beef is browned, about 5 minutes. Add tomato paste, sugar, salt, and pepper and cook 2 minutes more. Add wine and cook until it has almost evaporated, about 2 minutes. Add in pasta, vinegar, and lemon zest and juice and toss to combine. Add in reserved pasta water, tomatoes, and olives and cook 2 minutes more.
Transfer to a serving platter and serve with basil leaves and parmesan cheese.
